Sensors

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A sensor is an electronic component that translates physical states of the world into electronic signals that can then be read by a computer. They are INPUTS to a computer so it can know about the world. Like the keys on your keyboard, the optical tracking of your mouse. A light switch. A volume knob.

Categories of Sensors

Contact/Switch

  • Pushbutton
  • Tilt/inclination sensor/switch
  • Reed switch (magnetic fields)


Resistive

Variable resistors

  • Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
  • Infra Red Light sensor (IR sensor)
  • IR Distance sensor
  • Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) - pressure, bend

(*LED as light sensor)


Capacitive

  • Touch
  • Proximity


MEMS

  • Accelerometer
  • Gyroscope
  • Compas
  • Inertial Measurement Unit IMU


Piezoelectric

  • Piezo element (sound, vibration)

Electromagnetic

  • Microphone (sound, vibration)

(*Speaker as microphone)

  • Ultrasonic distance sensor

(*Motor as "turn sensor"=




Sensor KITs

There are many sensor kits you can buy where the raw component sensors are often mounted on breakout boards for easier, more robust access to their leads (legs) but also sometimes with extra components (resistors, capacitors, leds) on them to make the raw sensor components even easier to use.

Upgraded 37 in 1 Sensor Modules Kit:

https://www.elegoo.com/en-de/products/elegoo-37-in-1-sensor-kit

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Squishy Sensors

Sensing through structure: Designing soft silicone sensors:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221308781_Sensing_through_structure_Designing_soft_silicone_sensors
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Textile Sensors

>> https://www.howtogetwhatyouwant.at/?cat=26

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Resistive Textile Sensors

>> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=5689 >> https://www.flickr.com/photos/plusea/albums/72157655522369478

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Further Reading

Wikipedia

(Of course) Wikipedia has a lovely long list of all the sensors that ever existed: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sensors

O'Reilly Encyclopedia Series

The O'Reilly encyclopedia series on different components, the third volume in the series is particularly relevant for sensors http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920026167.do

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